The Hedgehog model is a widely used framework for economic and business strategic decision making, derived from the popular business book The Hedgehog Principles. The model is visualized with the concept of "hedgehog", emphasizing the deep exploration of the core competitiveness and survival ability of enterprises in complex environment. The core idea of the Hedgehog model is that successful companies should focus on one core competency that can outperform their competitors.

The Hedgehog model compares successful businesses to hedgehogs, and its core philosophy is that "hedgehogs do one thing and foxes do many things." The fox symbolizes a complex and changing environment, while the hedgehog represents simplification and focus. In this model, the hedgehog identifies its core competitiveness through three dimensions: first, the enthusiasm of the enterprise, that is, the favorite field and direction of the enterprise; Secondly, the enterprise is good at the field, which refers to the core advantage of outstanding performance in the industry; Finally, companies need to find the parts of the economy where they can generate the most return.

Through these three dimensions, enterprises can better understand their own strengths and weaknesses, so as to formulate a development strategy that is more in line with their own characteristics. This centralized strategy allows enterprises to avoid the fragmentation of resources and to grasp market opportunities more clearly.

A big advantage of the Hedgehog model is that it is easy to implement and understand. Enterprise leaders can identify and clarify core competencies through discussions within the team. At the same time, the model also encourages enterprises to remain flexible and adaptable in the face of risks and challenges. Despite the rapidly changing environment, enterprises that can accurately grasp their core competitiveness are often able to stand out in the competition.