The Eagle model is a tool for analyzing and understanding the behavior of complex systems, and it is widely used in many fields, including ecology, economics, and social sciences. Using the struggle between the eagle and the dove as a metaphor, the model reveals the dynamic changes of individual behavior in the competitive environment through the analysis of different strategies.

In the eagle model, the eagle represents the individual who engages in aggressive behavior, while the dove symbolizes the individual who chooses to avoid conflict. When the two meet, there can be intense conflict, with the eagle preferring to fight over resources and the dove choosing to compromise. This adversarial strategy plays an important role in natural selection because access to resources often depends on interactions between individuals.

The Eagle model shows the adaptability of different strategies through the framework of game theory. In a relatively fixed environment, the advantages of the eagle strategy may manifest themselves because they are able to dominate the competition for resources. However, when resources are limited or the environment changes, the pigeon strategy may be more effective, as the cost of avoiding conflict is relatively low, ensuring survival.

Different combinations of strategies lead to different group behaviors. For example, in a population dominated by eagles, resources may be rapidly depleted, eventually leading to increased competition among individuals and even a risk of extinction. In a dove-dominated population, while resources may not be available in the short term, cooperation and conflict-avoidance behaviour can ensure a more stable environment in the long term.