The microscope is an important optical instrument used to observe tiny objects and their detailed structures. Its working principle is based on the refraction and amplification of light, through multiple lens systems to achieve an enlarged image of the object. Microscopes can be divided into two categories: optical microscopy and electron microscopy, the former mainly uses visible light for observation, the latter uses electron beams instead of light beams, with higher resolution.
Optical microscopes are the most common type and usually consist of an objective lens, eyepiece, and lighting system. The objective lens is responsible for forming an initial enlarged image of the object, and the eyepiece further enlarges that image, allowing the observer to see details clearly. By adjusting the combination of objective and eyepiece, different magnification and field of view can be achieved. The resolution of the optical microscope is generally about 200 nanometers, which is suitable for observing biological samples such as cells and tissue slices.
Electron microscopes use electron beams for imaging, and their resolution can reach the sub-nanometer level, far exceeding that of light microscopes. Electron microscope is divided into transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The former uses electrons to form images through the sample, which is suitable for observing the internal structure of the sample. The latter scans the surface of a sample to obtain a three-dimensional image and is often used in materials research and surface analysis. Although the electron microscope is relatively complex to operate and the sample preparation process is demanding, its high resolution makes it indispensable in scientific research.
Microscopes have a wide range of applications, including biology, medicine, materials science and many other fields. In biological research, microscopes are used to analyze cell structures, observe microorganisms, and detect diseases.

Microscope model is one of the indispensable tools in scientific research and education. The basic principle is to magnify tiny objects, making details that cannot be directly observed by the naked eye visible. There are many types of microscopes, the most common of which are optical microscopy, electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.
An optical microscope uses visible light to pass through a sample and focus the light to form an enlarged image in the eyepiece. Its structure usually includes light source, objective lens, eyepiece and so on. The magnification of the objective is closely related to the design of the lens. Some high-performance objective lenses can provide up to hundreds or even thousands of times magnification, suitable for the observation of bacteria, cell structures and other small organisms.
Electron microscopy uses electron beams instead of visible light for imaging. The resolution of this microscope is much higher than that of the optical microscope, which can reach the nanometer level. Therefore, electron microscopy is often used in materials science, biology and other fields to help researchers observe structures and properties at the atomic level. Despite its high cost and complex operation, its precision and meticulousness make it an important place in the scientific community.
Fluorescence microscopy is a special type of light microscope that looks at cells and molecules through a fluorescently labeled sample. This kind of microscope can selectively excite fluorescent substances in the sample to produce fluorescence of specific wavelengths, so as to realize the visual study of biomolecules and cells. Fluorescence microscopy is widely used in cell biology and medical research, helping scientists gain insight into disease mechanisms and cell behavior. Regardless of the microscope model, they open new horizons for scientific exploration.

A microscope is an instrument that uses optical principles to magnify tiny objects, allowing us to see details that the naked eye cannot recognize. Its basic structure includes a light source, an objective lens, an eyepiece and a stage. The light source provides illumination, the light is focused on the sample through the objective lens, and the eyepiece further magnifies the object, allowing the observer to clearly see the fine structure.

There are many types of microscopes, including optical microscopes, electron microscopes, and scanning tunneling microscopes. Optical microscopes use visible light for imaging and are suitable for viewing living cells and tissue slices, and their imaging principles are based on refraction and reflection. Through different magnification objectives, the observer can obtain different magnification effects, so as to study the structure and characteristics of the sample.

Electron microscopy, which uses electron beams instead of visible light, has a higher resolution and is able to see details at the nanometer level. This kind of microscope is particularly suitable for research in the fields of materials science and biology, and can reveal the ultrastructure of the inside of cells. For example, transmission electron microscopy can observe the internal structure of a sample, while scanning electron microscopy provides rich data for scientific research by obtaining three-dimensional morphological information on the surface of a sample.

The application field of microscope is very wide, not only limited to biology, medicine, but also includes materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry and other disciplines. Through microscopes, researchers can explore the mysteries of the microscopic world, discover the properties of new materials, study the functional changes of cells, and even observe pathological slides in medical diagnosis to help doctors better judge diseases.